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Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Sherlock Tool | Find Usernames Across Social Networks

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CSRF Referer Header Strip

Intro

Most of the web applications I see are kinda binary when it comes to CSRF protection; either they have one implemented using CSRF tokens (and more-or-less covering the different functions of the web application) or there is no protection at all. Usually, it is the latter case. However, from time to time I see application checking the Referer HTTP header.

A couple months ago I had to deal with an application that was checking the Referer as a CSRF prevention mechanism, but when this header was stripped from the request, the CSRF PoC worked. BTW it is common practice to accept empty Referer, mainly to avoid breaking functionality.

The OWASP Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Prevention Cheat Sheet tells us that this defense approach is a baaad omen, but finding a universal and simple solution on the Internetz to strip the Referer header took somewhat more time than I expected, so I decided that the stuff that I found might be useful for others too.

Solutions for Referer header strip

Most of the techniques I have found were way too complicated for my taste. For example, when I start reading a blog post from Egor Homakov to find a solution to a problem, I know that I am going to:

learn something very cool;
have a serious headache from all the new info at the end.

This blog post from him is a bit lighter and covers some useful theoretical background, so make sure you read that first before you continue reading this post. He shows a few nice tricks to strip the Referer, but I was wondering; maybe there is an easier way?

Rich Lundeen (aka WebstersProdigy) made an excellent blog post on stripping the Referer header (again, make sure you read that one first before you continue). The HTTPS to HTTP trick is probably the most well-known one, general and easy enough, but it quickly fails the moment you have an application that only runs over HTTPS (this was my case).

The data method is not browser independent but the about:blank trick works well for some simple requests. Unfortunately, in my case the request I had to attack with CSRF was too complex and I wanted to use XMLHttpRequest. He mentions that in theory, there is anonymous flag for CORS, but he could not get it work. I also tried it, but... it did not work for me either.

Krzysztof Kotowicz also wrote a blog post on Referer strip, coming to similar conclusions as Rich Lundeen, mostly using the data method.

Finally, I bumped into Johannes Ullrich's ISC diary on Referer header and that led to me W3C's Referrer Policy. So just to make a dumb little PoC and show that relying on Referer is a not a good idea, you can simply use the "referrer" meta tag (yes, that is two "r"-s there).

The PoC would look something like this:

<html>
  <meta name="referrer" content="never">
  <body>
    <form action="https://vistimsite.com/function" method="POST">
      <input type="hidden" name="param1" value="1" />
      <input type="hidden" name="param2" value="2" />
      ...
    </form>
    <script>
      document.forms[0].submit();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Conclusion

As you can see, there is quite a lot of ways to strip the Referer HTTP header from the request, so it really should not be considered a good defense against CSRF. My preferred way to make is PoC is with the meta tag, but hey, if you got any better solution for this, use the comment field down there and let me know! :)

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Top Linux Commands Related To Hardware With Descriptive Definitions

Commands in Linux are just the keys to explore and close the Linux. As you can do things manually by simple clicking over the programs just like windows to open an applications. But if you don't have any idea about commands of Linux and definitely you also don't know about the Linux terminal. You cannot explore Linux deeply. Because terminal is the brain of the Linux and you can do everything by using Linux terminal in any Linux distribution. So, if you wanna work over the Linux distro then you should know about the commands as well. In this blog you will exactly get the content about Linux hardware commands which are related to CPU and memory processes.

dmesg

The dmesg command is used in Linux distribution for the sake of detecting hardware and boot messages in the Linux system.

cat /proc/cpuinfo

The cat command is basically used to read something over the terminal like cat index.py will display all the content which exist in index.py over the terminal. So cat /proc/cpuinfo will display the model of the CPU over the terminal.

cat /proc/meminfo

This command is similar to the above command but the only difference is that this command shows the information of hardware memory over the terminal. Because it will open the memory info file over the terminal.

cat /proc/interrupts

This command is also similar to the above command but there is the difference of one thing that this command will display lists the number of interrupts per CPU per input output device.

lshw

This command is used in Linux operating system to displays information on hardware configuration of the system in Linux.

lsblk

The "lsblk" command is used in Linux operating system to displays block device related information in the Linux operating system.

dmidecode

The "dmidecode" command is used in Linux distributions to display the information about hardware from the BIOS.

hdparm -i /dev/sda

The hdparm command basically used to display the information about the disks available in the system. If you wanna know the information about the "sda" disk so just type "hdparm -i /dev/sda" and if you wanna know the information about "sdb" so just type "hdparm -i /dev/sdb".

hdparm -tT

The "hdparm" command is used for displaying the information about disks as we discussed in above command. If you wanna do a read speed test on the disk sda or sdb just type the command "hdparm -tT /dev/sda".

badblocks -s /dev/sda

This command is used in linux to display test operations for unreadable blocks on disk sda. If the command is like "badblocks -s /dev/sdb" it will display test operations for unreadable blocks on disk sdb.Related news

DirBuster: Brute Force Web Directories

"DirBuster is a multi threaded java application designed to brute force directories and files names on web/application servers. Often is the case now of what looks like a web server in a state of default installation is actually not, and has pages and applications hidden within. DirBuster attempts to find these. However tools of this nature are often as only good as the directory and file list they come with. A different approach was taken to generating this. The list was generated from scratch, by crawling the Internet and collecting the directory and files that are actually used by developers! DirBuster comes a total of 9 different lists (Further information can be found below), this makes DirBuster extremely effective at finding those hidden files and directories. And if that was not enough DirBuster also has the option to perform a pure brute force, which leaves the hidden directories and files nowhere to hide! If you have the time ;) " read more...

Download: https://sourceforge.net/projects/dirbuster

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Top 5 Best TV Series Based On Hacking & Technology 2018

Top 5 Best TV Series Based On Hacking And Technology 2018

Well, if you are a tech fanatic then you will love watching TV shows which are based on hacking and technology. If you are a tech geek, then you will know that hacking stuff in movies/serials always generates glamor and mystery and adds that special oomph factor to the movie or Tv SHOW.

However, there are not much movies/ or TV serials made on hacking and technology. Technology is rapidly becoming the key point in human lives. The previous year we have seen how hackers had made their marks on giant companies. So, in this article, we are going to discuss top TV shows which have to hack as the central theme. So, have a look at the list.

#1 Mr. Robot

Mr. Robot: Best TV Series Based On Hacking & Technology 2018

Well, the reason why I listed Mr. Robot on the top is because this show has millions of followers and this is the first show that portrays an elite hacker. The elite hacker group uses computers, smartphones and many other technologies to penetrate secure network to take down evil corporation while being anonymous. The show displays the life of a young programmer named Elliot who works as a cyber-security engineer and a vigilante hacker by night.

#2 Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley

This TV series displays the tech and hacking with a bit of comic touch. The series shows the competition between techies in the high-tech gold rush of modern Silicon Valley. What's more interesting is the people who are more qualified are least successful whereas underdogs are making it big. This show is running successfully for three years now.

Read more;- How To Hack Any Game On Your Android Smartphones

#3 The IT Crowd

The IT Crowd

The IT Crowd is very popular series and is running successfully for eight years from 2006 to 2013. It is not like Mr.Robot it has its moments of hacks. The series shows the comedic adventures of a rag-tag group of technical support workers at a large corporation.

#4 Person Of Interest

Person Of Interest

It is one of the best TV series made till now. You will get to see the humor, twists, and lots of other things. In this show and intelligent programmer built and AI (Artificial intelligence) that helps to stop the crimes in the city. The show will definitely give you chills.

Read more;- Top 5 Free Online Courses To Learn Artificial Intelligence

#5 Chuck

Chuck: Best TV Series Based On Hacking & Technology 2018

The TV series was somehow popular and ran from 2007 to 2013. The show shows the character of a young hacker and nerd who accidentally downloads US Govt, secrets into his brain and there is where the story starts CIA and NSA agents protect him and at the same time exploit him.

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Sunday, April 12, 2020

Satellite, Short Film, Review And Interview

I don't feel like I can add any more than what is said below without giving too much of the film away. Just let it suffice to know that if you have the opportunity of seeing Satellite, do so.

I saw Satelliteat the 2019 FilmQuest film festival (website). It was nominated for Best Micro Short.

Synopsis

A girl meets her unusual neighbor and discovers that home is not only a place but a state of being.

Asher Jelensky took some time away from directing to answer some question about inspiration, what is in the works, and other items of interest.

What was the inspiration for Satellite?

I grew up in suburbs outside of Philadelphia and was always fascinated by the sameness of the communities some of my friends lived in. Entire blocks with identical trim, mailboxes, SUVs and manicured lawns. Growing up there I couldn't wait to escape and I think that was where this feeling of the film came from. Both the spaceman and the girl have the same longing to be anywhere but there. I was curious as to adding an absurd or unusual element to the suburban landscape.

What project(s) do you have coming up you're excited about?

I've been working on a feature length documentary that's about the pursuit of the American dream and a band and a van (that I lived in for a month). It's definitely been an interesting way to see the country.

What was your early inspiration for pursuing a career in film?

I came into filmmaking actually through art and photography and went to school for those things. I really liked working on my own and having total control over what I was making but as soon as I was exposed to working on set and collaborating with a bunch of other talented creative people I was hooked. My photography background oriented me more towards camera and visuals and have been making films ever since.

What would be your dream project?

Oooh that's so tough, I tend to like stories that focus on uncommon characters or marginalized folks that put a spotlight on issues/topics that don't always get examined. That's so vague, I'm not sure. I'll get back to you.

What are some of your favorite pastimes when not working on a movie?

I love spending time in nature hiking, climbing and camping that sort of stuff. I like listening to audiobooks while I workout.

What is one of your favorite movies and why?

I just saw Under the Silver Lake and thought it was amazing, was totally blown away by the story, performance, absurdity, the look, everything. It was cool to see a Noir detective kind of style brought to modern Los Angeles through the eyes of a hipster.

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IMDb (link)

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Thursday, April 9, 2020

Download The Unfinished Swan For PS4

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Enter the surreal world of The Unfinished Swan and explore a mysterious, hidden kingdom. Your journey will be led by a runaway swan who guides you through strange levels filled with bizarre creatures. Discover the land through innovative new game mechanics such as splatting paint on a white surface to uncover your surroundings. Each level will bring new twists, challenges, and puzzles until you eventually come face-to-face with the eccentric King that built this realm.